Camping Abroad; Understand The Rules, Gear, and Cultural Norms in Other Countries Before You Go

Camping varies significantly across different parts of the world. Climate, geography, culture, and infrastructure can vary and have different effects on the camping experience. In North America, especially in the U.S. and Canada, camping often involves well-developed campgrounds with amenities like fire rings, restrooms, and RV hookups. Wilderness camping and backcountry hiking are also popular, with an emphasis on national parks and public lands.

In Europe, camping can be more structured and communal, with many campgrounds offering shared kitchens, hot showers, and even small markets or restaurants. Wild camping (camping outside of designated areas) is legal in some countries like Scotland and parts of Scandinavia, but restricted or prohibited in others.

In Australia and New Zealand, camping is closely tied to outdoor adventure and exploring vast, often remote natural landscapes. Facilities can range from fully equipped campgrounds to rugged bush camping, and the presence of unique wildlife and extreme weather conditions shapes the experience.

In parts of Asia, camping is growing in popularity, especially as eco-tourism and “glamping” become trends. However, traditional tent camping may be less common in densely populated areas. Many people prefer cabin-style stays or organized tours.

Cultural expectations also differ. In some regions, camping is a solo or small-group nature experience. In others, it's a social, family-oriented activity with large groups. These regional variations influence everything from the types of gear used to the food prepared and the activities enjoyed while camping.

The following offers a more detailed look at some of the differences in camping styles and requirements in different regions around the world:

Legal and Land Access

United States

Land access considerations when camping in the United States are unique due to the country's vast amount of publicly owned land and its structured system of national, state, and local parks.

Unlike many other regions where access to natural land is more limited or privately owned, the U.S. offers millions of acres of public lands managed by agencies like the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management. These lands often allow for both designated campground use and, in many areas, dispersed camping, which permits campers to set up outside of developed sites with few restrictions.

The unique access to public lands comes with a set of rules that vary depending on the agency and location. Camping often requiring permits, adherence to fire regulations, and Leave No Trace practices.

Compared to regions like Europe, where wild camping is heavily regulated or limited to specific countries, or Southeast Asia, where land rights and access can be unclear, the U.S. stands out for its formalized and relatively open approach to recreational land use. This structure encourages a culture of outdoor exploration while maintaining oversight to preserve natural resources and ensure safety.

Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland)

Camping in Scandinavia is distinguished by the longstanding legal tradition known as allemansrätten, or “everyman’s right.” This unique legal framework grants the public broad access to privately owned land for recreational purposes, including camping, hiking, and foraging, provided that individuals respect nature, wildlife, and the privacy of landowners.

Unlike most other regions globally, where camping on private land typically requires explicit permission or is outright prohibited, this doctrine allows for temporary, non-intrusive camping on uncultivated land without prior approval, subject to certain national and municipal restrictions.

The scope of this right is both expansive and conditional. Campers are generally permitted to pitch a tent for one or two nights in the same location, as long as they maintain a respectful distance from inhabited buildings and do not disturb agricultural activity or protected environments.

Open fires may be restricted during dry seasons, and the use of motor vehicles off established roads is generally prohibited. Notably, this legal access extends to a wide range of natural landscapes, including forests, lakeshores, and meadows, and is underpinned by a strong cultural ethos of environmental stewardship and low-impact outdoor activity.

Europe

Legal and land access for camping in European countries is uniquely varied and heavily influenced by national laws, cultural norms, and land ownership patterns, creating a patchwork of regulations unlike any other region in the world.

Unlike the broad, federally managed public lands found in the United States or the open-access rights of Scandinavia, most European countries have stricter controls on where and how camping can take place.

In Western and Central Europe, much of the land is privately owned and densely settled, which often limits wild camping to specific areas or prohibits it altogether without landowner permission.

Countries like France, Germany, and Italy generally require campers to use designated campgrounds, though some rural regions may allow more flexibility. However, there are exceptions. Scotland, for example, permits wild camping under the Land Reform Act. And Estonia and Latvia also have more liberal access policies.

Enforcement and acceptance of wild camping can differ widely, even within countries, making local knowledge and research within specific countries essential. Additionally, Europe has a highly developed network of official campgrounds, many offering amenities such as electricity, showers, and cooking facilities, which encourages structured camping over spontaneous wilderness stays.

This contrast of tightly managed land access, legal complexity, and strong campground infrastructure makes the European camping landscape distinctly regulated and region-specific compared to the more uniformly open systems seen in places like North America or Scandinavia.

Japan

Factors that have the potential to affect camping planning in Japan include limited public land availability, a strong emphasis on order and etiquette, and a cultural preference for designated spaces.

Unlike countries with expansive wilderness areas and liberal access laws, such as the United States or Scandinavia, Japan has relatively little land available for free or wild camping. Most camping in Japan takes place in established campgrounds. They are often well-maintained, highly organized, and sometimes equipped with modern amenities.

While wild camping (known locally as “nojuku”) is not explicitly illegal, it is generally discouraged and subject to local regulations. Respect for property and community norms is paramount, and camping without permission on private land or in public parks can be frowned upon or result in fines.

In mountainous or coastal regions where wild camping may be more feasible, campers are expected to be discreet, clean, and leave no trace. Japan’s dense population, limited open space, and deep cultural respect for shared environments make its camping access rules more restrictive and structured than in many other parts of the world.

Tropical regions (Southeast Asia, Central America)

Legal restrictions and land access when camping in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia and Central America are informal and often vary greatly depending on the country, region, and even local authorities.

Tropical destinations in these areas tend to have less structured frameworks for outdoor recreation. Much of the land is privately owned or managed by local communities, so campers may need verbal permission to stay in certain areas, especially near villages or farmland.

In many cases, wild camping is not explicitly illegal but can be discouraged due to safety concerns, unclear property boundaries, or cultural sensitivities. Protected natural areas such as national parks or reserves, in some cases, allow camping but often require advance permits and guide services to minimize environmental impact and ensure visitor safety.

Overall, the legal and land access in these tropical areas is more fluid and localized than in other parts of the world, requiring travelers to be adaptable, respectful, and well-informed about regional norms and regulations.

Australia and New Zealand

Both Australia and New Zealand boast vast natural landscapes, strong outdoor culture, and structured but accessible systems for both designated and freedom camping.

In Australia, while much of the land is open and remote, camping is generally regulated through state and territory guidelines. Travelers are often required to use designated campsites in national parks or obtain permits for bush camping in certain areas.

Freedom camping In Australia is generally allowed on public land such as state forests or some crown land, but not all areas permit it, and local councils often regulate where it is legal.

In many parts of the country, especially along the east coast and in popular tourist areas, freedom camping is restricted or prohibited due to environmental concerns, overcrowding, and local laws.

In New Zealand, freedom camping is widely practiced and legally supported in many areas, but it is also closely managed to protect the environment and local communities.

Self-contained vehicles are typically allowed to camp on public land outside of restricted zones, while non-self-contained camping is limited to specific sites. Both countries emphasize the importance of leaving no trace and following local rules, with fines or restrictions imposed in areas where overuse or environmental damage has become an issue.

This balance between freedom and regulation offers broad access to natural spaces while maintaining clear guidelines to preserve the land.

Style of Camping

United States

Unlike many other regions of the world, where camping is either minimalist or highly structured, American camping spans a wide spectrum that includes everything from rugged backcountry adventures to luxurious glamping experiences.

Car camping is especially popular, with families and groups driving directly to campsites equipped with picnic tables, fire rings, and restroom facilities. Large tents, air mattresses, full camp kitchens, and portable furniture are common, creating a home-like atmosphere in nature.

At the same time, the United States has a strong tradition of wilderness camping in national parks and forests, which attracts those seeking solitude and self-reliance.

Recreational vehicles and camper trailers are also a defining part of the American camping scene. They offer a mobile way to explore the country’s diverse landscapes. The freedom to choose from a wide range of settings and experiences, from coastal campgrounds and desert plateaus to alpine lakes and wooded trails, makes camping in the United States distinctively flexible compared to more uniform or restricted camping cultures found in other parts of the world.

Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland)

Unlike many other regions where camping often revolves around structured campgrounds or recreational facilities, Scandinavians embrace a more minimalist and nature-focused approach.

Thanks to the right to roam, known as allemansrätten, people are free to camp almost anywhere in the wilderness, as long as they respect the land and follow basic rules of courtesy and conservation. This encourages a style of camping that is more spontaneous and less dependent on developed infrastructure.

Hikers and paddlers often carry lightweight gear to set up in forests, near lakes, or along coastlines, with a focus on quiet solitude and low environmental impact. Campfires, foraging, and even cold swims are common parts of the experience, reflecting a deep appreciation for the outdoors.

While modern gear and technology are used, the overall camping style remains understated and respectful and prioritize harmony with nature over comfort or convenience.

Europe

Much of Europe places a strong emphasis on organized campsites that are well-equipped with amenities such as electricity, restrooms, showers, and even small shops or restaurants.  These sites are often located near towns, lakes, beaches, or historical landmarks, making camping a convenient way to explore the continent’s cultural and natural attractions.

In many parts of Europe, especially in Western and Central countries, wild camping is restricted or discouraged, leading campers to rely on formal facilities. However, countries like Scotland and parts of Eastern Europe offer more freedom for wild camping, though still within a framework of rules and respect for private land.

The European camping style also includes a strong tradition of traveling in camper vans or caravans, supported by an extensive network of roadside stops and camping areas. This combination of accessibility, comfort, and regional variety makes European camping distinct from the more rugged or freedom-based approaches found in places like Scandinavia, the United States, or Australia.

Japan

Camping in Japan tends to be highly organized and design-oriented, even in natural settings. Campgrounds are usually very well-maintained and equipped with clean facilities. Campers often bring thoughtfully arranged setups that emphasize both function and aesthetics. It is common in to see compact tents, wooden tables, neatly arranged cooking tools, and lanterns that create a peaceful atmosphere.

Car camping is popular due to Japan's mountainous terrain and limited open space, and many sites are located near hot springs, lakes, or cultural sites. There is also a growing popularity of solo camping, with individuals seeking quiet retreats into nature.

Wild camping is not widely practiced or legally encouraged, especially on private land, however; Japanese campers make the most of available sites with an emphasis on cleanliness, order, and respect for nature and fellow campers. This careful, refined, and often peaceful approach to outdoor living is unique to Japan.  

Tropical regions (Southeast Asia, Central America)

Tropical camping is shaped by dense jungles, coastal areas, and varied terrain that encourage lightweight and adaptable setups. Many campers seek out beaches, riversides, or remote jungle clearings to set up camp. They often rely on local knowledge or community-owned lands rather than official campgrounds.

In some areas, eco-lodges and rustic cabanas are in contrast to traditional campsites with room for tents and RVs. These setups provide a unique blend of comfort and immersion in nature.

This style emphasizes a slower pace. Because of the environmental challenges and lack of widespread camping infrastructure, camping in these regions tends to be more improvised and flexible than camping in other parts of the world.

Australia and New Zealand

Australia and New Zealand camping is, in part, defined by a strong sense of freedom, deep connection to nature, and a cultural embrace of the outdoors as a way of life.

In both countries, camping is widely accessible and often takes place in vast, scenic environments ranging from remote deserts and beaches in Australia to alpine lakes and lush forests in New Zealand.

Camping outside of established campgrounds is often considered a self-reliant endeavor where travelers use campervans or 4WD vehicles to explore areas far from urban centers. Freedom camping is especially common in New Zealand, where campers, appropriately equipped, can stay overnight in public areas. These spaces are widely available.  

In Australia, the vast outback and national parks promote a rugged, adventurous approach to wild camping, sometimes involving off-grid travel for days at a time.

Both countries also offer extensive networks of well-maintained campgrounds for those who prefer basic facilities. They are typically managed by national park services, local councils, and private operators.

In New Zealand, Department of Conservation (DOC) campsites are spread across the country and range from basic sites with few facilities to more developed campgrounds with toilets, water, and cooking shelters, all typically located in scenic or ecologically significant areas. These sites are often inexpensive or even free.

In Australia, campgrounds are equally diverse, ranging from coastal retreats and rainforest clearings to outback bush sites. These types of setups are often far from towns and well-maintained roads. They are typically only accessible by 4WD vehicles. Sites can be located near dry riverbeds, red sand plains, or rocky escarpments. Bush camps usually lack facilities such as toilets, running water, or power.

Equipment and Gear

United States

American campers often prioritize comfort and convenience. This has led to the popularity of gear that includes large family tents, inflatable mattresses, full camp kitchens, and extensive outdoor furniture.

Many campgrounds in the U.S. are vehicle-accessible and well-equipped, which allows for more luxurious setups that resemble mobile living rooms or outdoor lounges.

At the same time, the strong culture of backcountry and wilderness camping calls for lightweight, high-performance gear like technical backpacks, bear-proof food storage, water filtration systems, and compact stoves.

Safety gear is also a distinctive feature in many parts of the U.S. Campers often pack bear spray, GPS communicators, and fire permits in areas prone to wildlife encounters or wildfires.

Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland)

Camping gear used in countries like Norway, Sweden, and Finland, is tailored to the region’s deep connection with nature, harsh seasonal conditions, and the cultural tradition of allemansrätten, or the right to roam.

Wild camping is legally permitted in most natural areas. Gear for this style of adventure must support extended stays in remote, often rugged environments. Tents and shelters are typically built to withstand heavy rain, wind, and cold, with a strong emphasis on waterproofing, insulation, and ventilation.

High-performance sleeping bags and sleeping pads that provide warmth on cold ground are standard. Campers in Scandinavia often use lightweight but durable gear suitable for hiking long distances through forests, tundra, and mountains.

Fire safety and cooking equipment are also common in this region of the world. Many rely on portable wood-burning stoves like the traditional Swedish Trangia. They perform well in wet and windy conditions.

Mosquito nets and repellents are essential in the summer months, especially in Finland’s lake regions. Sustainability and minimal impact are highly valued, so gear tends to be long-lasting, repairable, and environmentally conscious.

Europe

European campers often travel across multiple countries in one trip, so gear is typically compact, modular, and easy to transport—whether by car, train, or even bicycle. Rooftop tents, compact camper vans, and travel trailers that meet EU road standards are popular, as are collapsible or multi-use items that pack small and work efficiently across a variety of settings.

Because Europe has an extensive network of well-equipped campgrounds with amenities like power hookups, bathrooms, and kitchens, gear is often chosen with comfort and convenience in mind. Campers frequently bring gear like electric coolers, portable espresso makers, camp furniture, and high-end tents or glamping setups—especially in Western Europe.

European regulations and a strong environmental ethic drive demand for sustainable, minimalist gear. Solar panels, biodegradable soaps, reusable containers, and eco-conscious materials are common. Ultralight and low-impact designs are especially favored by hikers and wild campers in places like Scandinavia or the Alps.

Gear choices often reflect regional traditions—like wood-burning portable stoves in Scandinavia, insulated sleeping systems for the Alps, or ultralight trekking setups for long-distance hikes on trails like the Camino de Santiago.

Japan

Japan is known for its limited space and convenience-focused culture, so camping gear tends to be extremely compact, lightweight, and space-efficient. Many campers use foldable or collapsible equipment designed to fit in small cars or even public transport, as camping areas are often accessible by train or bus.

Camping gear often emphasizes craftsmanship and high-quality materials. Products are thoughtfully engineered and multifunctionality.

Japanese camping culture values tidiness and respect for nature. As a result, gear often includes equipment for waste management, compact cooking sets to minimize mess, and organizational tools to keep campsites neat.

Some campers incorporate traditional Japanese outdoor items like hibachi-style charcoal grills or compact portable kotatsu (heated tables) for warmth.

Japan’s love for gadgets extends to camping gear. Technology commonly used includes solar-powered devices, compact electronic cooking tools, and highly efficient LED lighting systems.

Tropical Regions (Southeast Asia, Central America)

Heat, humidity and rain are defining factors of these regions. Camping gear, as a result, is adapted to this unique climate. Typical weather and environmental conditions include frequent rainfall, dense vegetation, and the presence of tropical insects and wildlife.

Unlike gear used in colder or drier regions, tents are often designed with maximum ventilation, lightweight materials, and built-in mosquito netting to combat heat and biting insects.

Waterproofing is critical. Tarps, rain flies, and dry bags are used to keep gear and clothing dry during sudden tropical downpours. Quick-drying clothing, hammocks with mosquito netting, and breathable shelters are common, especially in jungle or coastal areas where ground conditions are muddy or uneven.

Many campers also carry compact water purification systems, as clean drinking water can be scarce in remote areas. Flashlights or headlamps with extra brightness and long battery life are favored due to early nightfall and dense foliage that blocks natural light.

Additionally, biodegradable soaps, insect repellents, and eco-friendly products are often used to minimize environmental impact in sensitive ecosystems.

Australia & New Zealand

Camping gear used in Australia and New Zealand is uniquely designed to meet the demands of their rugged landscapes, unpredictable climates, and remote camping traditions. Unlike other regions, campers in these countries often venture far off-grid, which means their gear must be exceptionally durable and highly functional.

In Australia, equipment is often built to withstand extreme heat, dust, and long distances. Essentials features include insect- and snake-proof tents, elevated swags, and water storage containers.

In contrast, gear for camping in New Zealand must meet the demands of rapidly changing weather conditions. Typical weather can include frequent rain, wind, and cold, especially in alpine or coastal areas. New Zealand is known for having a high average rainfall and is generally considered a rainy country. As a result, campers prioritize waterproof tents, insulated sleeping gear, and reliable outerwear.

Both countries emphasize self-contained and environmentally responsible camping, so it’s common to see solar-powered devices, portable fridges, and water purification systems in use.

The popularity of freedom camping and remote trekking also means gear is often compact yet rugged, capable of handling both car-based adventures and multi-day hikes.  

Food and Cooking

United States

Unlike some other regions where meals are kept simple and utilitarian, American campers often go to great lengths to recreate familiar home-style dishes in the outdoors. It is common to see large coolers packed with meats, fresh produce, and condiments, along with camp stoves, portable grills, and cast iron cookware such as Dutch ovens.

When campfire cooking, meals like burgers, hot dogs, foil-wrapped potatoes, and skillet breakfasts are staples that are central to the experience. S'mores are an iconic dessert associated almost exclusively with American camping culture.

In some settings, campers bring elaborate kitchen setups that allow for the preparation of multi-course meals. Some examples include fresh coffee, pancakes, and stews. This approach stands in contrast to the minimalist or ultralight food strategies often seen in other parts of the world.

Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland)

Campers in Scandinavian countries often rely on locally sourced ingredients, such as fresh-caught fish from lakes or the sea, foraged berries and mushrooms, and preserved foods like dried meats or crispbread.

Rather than bringing excessive packaged goods, many Scandinavian campers embrace a minimalist and practical approach to food. They often carry lightweight ingredients that can be easily cooked over an open fire or portable stove.

Meals like grilled sausages, stews, or porridge are common, and coffee made over a campfire is a cherished ritual. A special aspect of camping in this region is the use of a traditional tripod and hanging pot setup for boiling or slow-cooking food over flames.

The food experience while camping is deeply cultural, with an emphasis on relaxation, connection to the land, and self-sufficiency. The Scandinavian approach values simplicity and sustainability while preserving the spirit of outdoor living and traditional ways of preparing food in nature.

Europe

European campers frequently bring bread, cheese, cured meats, fresh vegetables, and regional specialties that vary by country. It is common to see meals prepared with portable stoves or compact grills. Leisurely dining is more common than a quick or purely functional meal.

In southern Europe, campers might enjoy olives, pasta, and local wine, while in central or northern areas, dishes like grilled sausages, potato salads, or stews are more typical.

Markets and roadside stands often serve as sources for fresh ingredients during multi-day trips. And shared meals around a table reflect the social and relaxed nature of European camping culture.

Japan

When it comes to camping food in Japan, there is an emphasis on aesthetics, balance, and compact efficiency. This is reflective of broader Japanese culinary values. Japanese campers often bring carefully chosen ingredients to prepare well-balanced and visually pleasing meals even in outdoor settings.

Bento-style arrangements with rice, grilled fish, pickled vegetables, and miso soup are common, as well as Japanese curry, yakisoba, and hot pot dishes like nabe in cooler seasons.

Compact portable grills and gas stoves are widely used, and attention is given to cooking gear that is both functional and elegant, such as enamelware or neatly stacked cooksets.

Presentation and cleanliness are also important, with many campers bringing reusable containers, utensils, and cloths to maintain a tidy cooking and dining area.

The food experience when camping in Japan can be defined as peaceful and deliberate. It often stands apart from the more rustic or improvisational food traditions of other countries. Campers maintain a strong sense of culinary care and cultural identity in even in outdoor settings.

Tropical regions (Southeast Asia, Central America)

Preparing and cooking foods in tropical regions of the world such as Southeast Asia and Central America revolve around the abundance of fresh, local ingredients and a deep cultural tradition of cooking over open flames and using simple prep and ingredients.

In these regions, campers often rely on easily accessible items like tropical fruits, fresh-caught seafood, rice, beans, plantains, and a variety of local herbs and spices.

Meals are commonly cooked over wood fires or charcoal using pots, bamboo skewers, or grills made from natural materials. In Southeast Asia, dishes like grilled fish with chili and lime, noodle soups, or sticky rice wrapped in banana leaves are typical. In Central America, tamales, rice and beans, tortillas, and fried plantains are common.

The cooking methods are often communal and resourceful, with a strong emphasis on flavor and minimal waste. Unlike other regions where camping food may be packaged or highly processed, the emphasis in these tropical areas is on fresh ingredients and traditional cooking techniques that have been passed down through generations.

Australia and New Zealand

Australia and New Zealand are known for their strong outdoor cooking culture. Grilling and simple foods are popular.

Campers in these countries frequently bring meats such as sausages, lamb chops, and steak, as well as seafood like prawns and fresh fish. Cooking with portable gas barbecues or over open campfires is typical.

The use of cast iron cookware and camp ovens is common, particularly in more remote or bush camping settings. In New Zealand, traditional Maori cooking methods such as the hāngi, where food is slow cooked in an underground oven using heated stones, may also be part of the experience in cultural contexts.  

The camping cuisine tends to emphasize communal eating, and ease of preparation. Compared to other regions, the focus is less on elaborate cooking setups or processed foods and more on fresh, hearty meals cooked in ways that enhance the experience.

The Draw of Global Camping

International camping has grown in popularity in recent years. It appeals to both seasoned campers and travelers looking to break away from typical tourist paths.

The draw of waking up in new landscapes where each day brings a different landscape and adventure offers broad appeal. Other draws include the potential to interact with fellow campers from around the world, preparing regional foods, and adapting to unfamiliar customs and conditions.

For many, international camping is not just about the destination, but the personal growth, perspective, and sense of freedom that come from living simply and in tune with nature far from home.